Research for the Annual Wage Review 2022–23

Fair Work Commission staff may conduct or commission research as part of the annual wage review. The research program for the Annual Wage Review 2022–23 (2022– 23 Review) was finalised in a Statement on 29 November 2022 following an invitation to interested parties to comment on the draft research program. This page will be updated throughout the review.

In undertaking the research program, a Minimum Wages Research Group is consulted  comprising representatives nominated by:

• Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI)
• Australian Industry Group (Ai Group)
• Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS)
• Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU)
• Australian Government
• state and territory governments.

The following items have been published to inform the 2022–23 Review.

Statistical report

This follows the format of previous Statistical reports and will be updated throughout the 2022–23 Review as new data are released. Each version of the Statistical report will be available on our website.

Research reference list

This follows the format of previous Research reference lists and includes Australian and international literature, such as working papers, journal articles or other types of published reports relevant to the minimum wages and modern awards objectives. The list covers literature published following the Annual Wage Review 2021–22 and is updated throughout the 2022–23 Review.

Research reference list – published 19 May 2023

Research reports

Outlines of the research reports undertaken for the 2022–23 Review are provided below. 

A profile of employee characteristics across modern awards

Joshua Tomlinson and Kelvin Yuen (Fair Work Commission)

The Australian Bureau of Statistics’ (ABS) Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours (EEH) microdata for May 2021, released in June 2022, includes a variable on the modern award that covers employees. The addition of a modern award variable is new and has not been available in prior releases of the EEH microdata. The research explores and investigates data that can be provided for public release and presents a range of employer and employee characteristics across modern awards. These data can inform the annual wage review by providing additional and more specific information on employees (and their employers) receiving modern award minimum wages.

A profile of employee characteristics across modern awards 

Budget standards for low-paid families

Associate Professor Bruce Bradbury, Megan Bedford and Dr Yuvisthi Naidoo (Social Policy Research Centre at the University of New South Wales)

The Annual Wage Review 2019–20 decision referred to budget standards as one consideration when assessing the needs of the low paid, including a 2017 report by the Social Policy Research Centre at the University of New South Wales that priced budgets in 2013. It was acknowledged from the report that ‘beyond the seven-year time horizon, it is preferable to review and revise the entire budgets to ensure that items, quantities and lifetimes as well as prices are reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes in community norms and average living standards’.

In recent annual wage reviews, the budget standards from the 2017 report have been updated based on the Consumer Price Index. The research reviews and revises the budget items in the 2017 report and expands on the previous report by including feedback from a broader section of the community (both low-paid and middle-income households). A supplementary budget of discretionary items which might be considered expenditures required to participate in Australian society is also included.

Budget Standards for Low-Paid Families 

Material from past annual wage review research is also available.